Jul
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Lateral ties are added in the same manner, as shown in Figure 6 fall-front chest of drawers .9 followed by diagonal ties in both directions pre 1940 contemporary mohagany credenza, chian cabinet . The last twine crossing the spring centers should be knotted to all other twines to prevent wear 18th century console painted . In addition, wherever twines cross each other, they should be knotted 18th century tripod tables photos . Care must be exercised that successive tyings do not compress individual springs, or rows of springs, lower than others davenport captains desk .
FiG wedgwood “keith murray” grey slip ivory dinnerware . 6 spanish revival walnut console table .9 paint george speight . Fastening outside springs antique dragon carpets .
Covering the springs antique table with small mirror . To cover the springs burlap is tacked to the wooden frame along folded edges antique michael thonet chairs . It is pulled just tight enough to prevent depressing the springs italy spoons that might be antiques . To keep it in position it should be sewed to the springs with large stitches by means of a 6-in louis xiv reproduction clock . curved upholstery needle, each spring being looped in three places scotish chest of drawers .
Forming the hard edge silver tray with food . If tow is used as stuffing, about 5 lb 19th c four pedistal dinning table . should be worked down so that it extends at least 3 in maggiolini style inlaid furniture . over the edges of the seat frame majorca porcelain japan . Whatever the type of stuffing used, it should be at least r in antique console dresser . thick and extend over the edges far enough to compress into a fairly hard roll of 3- to 4-in collectors guide to antique console . diameter empire period fashion . The stuffing is covered with a piece of light burlap large enough to be slip-tacked onto the frame while it is being stitched through the stuffing to the lower burlap covering sideboard examples . A straight needle is thrust up and own through both layers of burlap, making stitches about 3 in turned legs on pembroke tables . long just outside the outer springs draw leaf dining room tables . After the four sides are sewed and the stitches are pulled tight, a few irregular stitches are taken in the center, to compact the seat curved walnut dining chair .
To make the roll, the slip-tacks are removed and the burlap permanently retacked higher up on the frame, so that it can be rolled under the stuffing, which extends out over the frame india epergne . The tacking should be started in the center of all four sides, be worked toward the corners, which can be thinned out if they become too full early 19th century furniture .
The actual process of forming the roll edge consists of a series of stitches that gradually lift and compress the roll as the stitching gets closer together for sale antique pedestal candle table 3 legs brass claw feet . Whether a straight or curved needle is used depends upon personal preference; it is inserted at a left-hand corner, for example, about 13/2 in talavera de la reina toledo pots sale . above the row of Stitching a hard edge antique brass table with animal legs .
tacks, and pushed under the roll to emerge about i in antique redware kendi . inside the row of stitchin that holds the two burlap layers together signed english art deco antique glass cabinets . The needle is then reinserted fro> i to 13/2 in carl thieme at potschappel figures . to the right and returned, so as to emerge to the right of its poi> of initial entrance at the front circular antique library steps . Many workers content themselves with loopin drop leaf table wall semi circle . the twine over the point of the needle before it is pulled through this secon-1 stick, in order to lock it; others prefer to tie a slip knot 1800s dining table for sale antique civil war . In any event, the twin must be pulled tight as the stitching proceeds around the four sides at eve As the work progresses the filling should be regulated, when necessary, with the icepick nantgarw porcelain .
As illustrated in Figure 6 early american fall front desk .ro, a second row of stitches is sewed about 1/, in antique hepplewhite sofa . inside the first row, followed by a third row and if necessary, a fourth row, until the roll has been lifted and compacted to about a %-in harlequin louis xv chest french . diameter antique french empire wine coolers silver .
Fie antique compo motif furniture . 6 giuseppe maggiolini .12 gateleg table vintage . Reupholstering will save such chairs as
this one 18th century style dressing tables .
Double stuffing antique table trestle . After the hard-edge roll has been stitched, a second layer of stuffing, such as moss or curled hair, is fluffed out and evenly distributed over the burlap covering to such an extent that when it is pressed down by the palm of the hand the springs cannot be felt “william hall” furniture glasgow . Over this a layer of thin burlap is tacked in place and the stuffing regulated if necessary 1700 french porcelain, images . Long, irregular stitches through
Long, through burlap will prevent this second layer of stuffing from shifting furniture .
Final padding 1815 drop leaf gateleg table . A layer of cotton batting with its edges feathered out so that they will blend with the contour is covered with muslin tacked to the frame urn cutlery box . Since this is the last layer under the outer fabric, it should be smoothed down carefully to prevent lumps or irregularities neoclassical regency furniture period .
Cheaper grades of furniture omit one or more of the operations described in the preceding paragraphs fibreglass furniture 1960 collectable . A careful worker can often achieve highly satisfactory results with thicker stuffing and fewer layers of burlap antique drop leaf gate leg side table . If time and expense are
C, limiting factors, the amateur upholsterer can dispense with such operations as th- situation demands escritoire antique .
Fabric covering 1700 to 1800 longcase movements . The final fabric is applied much as the muslin liner exce that it is tacked under the lower edges of the frame, and folded carefully so th minaret designer . it can be “blind-stitched” at the corners 1920’s art deco ceramics earthenware . Blind stitching is employed in upholster wherever hand sewing must be concealed iron garden kidney bench . With the knotted end of the threw hidden inside the lap or seam, the basic stitch is a simple one of medium siz which runs parallel to the seam, alternating on opposite sides as illustrated i Fig antique sideboard cabinet 8 feet high with glass . 6 antique tea table carved japanese .11 empirefurniture . Starting at the top on the right-hand side, for example, the need>- is thrust down parallel to the lap for about 1/, in 1700 to 1800 longcase movements ., and when it is pulled out
is inserted directly across to the material on the opposite side, where it is thrust down for another parallel stitch, and so on antique half round side table mermaid . When edges are turned in and t thread is pulled tightly the seam will be closed and the stitching invisible english bristol teapots .
A Spring Edge square drop leaf tea table with gated legs . Large pieces of upholstered furniture whose edges are su jest to considerable wear employ what is known as a spring or wire edge aroun I the front and sides of their spring seats vizagapatnam furniture antique . The spring-edge (or No antique dining table mahogany draw leaf 1920 . 8 galvanized) wire is carefully bent to fit the three outside edges of the wooden frame, wit the free ends bent downward to protect the stuffing edwards and roberts tripod table . The springs are fastened their base as previously described cabriole leg pattern . The wire-edge upper frame is fastened to tl outer edges of the outside springs with windings of stitching twine, or with speci• I metal clips that can be closed with pliers barley twist desk 19c .
FiG bronze decorative lamps. jugend style . 6 19th century lobmeyr glass .13 islamic arts ivory inlaid wood cabinet . Tying a spring edge antique square to round drop leaf table .
In this type of edge the rims of the top coils of the outer springs overha g the wooden frame so that they are flush with its outer edges wood dining table turn plate . To retain t s position they must remain horizontal, thus necessitating a slight variation in the final tying operation art deco brass smoking stands . As will be noticed in Figure 6 how do you tell a reproduction staffordshire figure from an antique .13, the twine is brought down through the center of an outside spring as before, but is tied to a second or third outer loop of the spring (depending upon its height) before it is looped around a tack in the frame jockey cap caddy spoons . It is then carried up and tied to the outer spring edge as a brace, without the wire-bound edge being lowered antique mahogany drum tables library tables writing tables . In large upholstered pieces the tying cord is often dropped through the center of the next to the outer spring and knotted to its second coil, then carried across and knotted to the third coil of the outer spring in a long diagonal to its anchoring tack antique wales footed dessert platter . In spring-edge tying, care must be exercised that all springs are maintained at an equal height, including the wired edges of the outer rows of springs turn of the century antique oak draw leaf table .
Stitched edge king louis xv furniture . Burlap is sewed to the springs and tacked tightly to the frame as before, without compression antique scottish chest of drawers oak . A layer of stuffing is then covered with a piece of burlap that laps the previous piece by a good 6 or 8 in imperial,gate leg table . This is sewed to the lower burlap through the stuffing about 3 in jupe dining table . from the wire edge antique tureens . Instead of this second layer being tacked, a roll of stuffing 3 to 4 in how to antique paint a fluted column . in diameter is tucked under its loose edge, which is then sewed to the wire edge to form a fairly hard roll antique chinese ivory inlaid cabinet . The hard edge is then formed by successive stitches as previously described, followed by the same procedures in covering antique pembroke table, floral inlay design .Rolled Corner
Sponge Rubber table paw feet antique . Sponge rubber is a popular modern padding that is easily
M
applied cylindrical crock eared handles cobalt blue . For the bathroom stool described in Chapter 2 (page 170), a piece of
,-in louis 16th style furniture . plywood set on cleats within the recess formed by the rails serves as the
base, ventilated by a series of holes, staggered so as not to weaken the plywood 17th century spanish chair .
The i-in empir clock . thick Latex sponge rubber is easily cut with scissors, the cardboard
template that served as a guide in cutting the plywood base being used “collecting cowan pottery” . It is
good practice to tack in a layer of burlap before the first layer of rubber is in-
serted antique federal wardrobe . To give a crown to the seat, a smaller slab can be sliced about ‘/ meuble style ._, in pennsylvania house antique furniture prices . thick
and its edges feathered with the scissors art deco chair design with leg of lion . This is fastened to the center of the
lower slab with rubber cement, then a top slab, also i in reproductions eagles pediments . thick and 1/2 in antique marble coffee table cabriole legs . larger than the top of the frame, can be cemented in place rene prou chairs . After the cement has dried the top slab should be trimmed to fit, and its edges rounded with the scissors french charles x commodes .
Vinyl-plastic materials such as Koroseal come with a fabric backing suitable for application to the stool top, directly over the rubber comtoise clocks longcase . Since these materials should not be stretched too tightly, plenty of width must be allowed on all four sides, the edges being slip-tacked under the lower edges of the rails during the fitting 1700’s tilt top bird cage tea table .
For final tacking, the edges are folded under Y2 in old oak dressers with the middle open . and upholstery tacks
in at regular intervals about Ys in antique oyster pattern veneerd boxes . from the fold, as shown in Figure 7JA If a nonmarring, plastic hammer is n t available as in b, adhesive tape call be stretched across the hammer head to prc test the upholstery nails lacquer tray round antique black . The corners cf the fabric are rolled rather than sharpl~ folded, to prevent wear 18th century german drinking glasses .
Upholstering Loose Cushions regency greek furniture by thomas hope . Th~
maple arm chair described in Chapter 3
(page iii) makes use of the popular loose cushions as upholstery for it-, seat and back william kent eagle console . Although cushions of this type containing only down, cotton, or kapok will give good service, the inclusion of an innerspring mat will insure greater comfort
at slight additional cost neoclassical dressing table . These spring mats are procurable from all upholsterer in sizes varying from 15 in winthrop china cabinet . by 15 in antique roll-top desk c roll 1 drawer spindle leg . to 22Y2 in ancient gothic furniture . by 25 in antique red stoneware spittoon . and are not difficult of insertion english nickel plated silver candelabra .
Casings pennsylvania house chinese chippendale dining table . Cushion casings can be machine-sewed from a top and bottom piece attached with welting to a one-piece side Land or border english silversmith marks 18th century . After the over-all size of the cushion has been determined and the proper sized spring mat procured (2 in spanish lustreware marks . being allowed for the cotton batting covering on the top,bottom, and sides), the top
and bottom pieces of the cushion casing are
cut, with all allowance of /z in rectangular side flaps 8 fluted legs louis xvi dropleaf gate leg . all around
for 1- :17 of the —
or the seams antique vienna porcelain vases . The width 0 band should include an allowance of i in unique or antiquedressing mirror . on either side for the welt cord and seams english campaign furniture .
The welt cord can be sewed to the casing edges on a sewing machine equipped with a standard half foot antique centre table with caryatid legs . and call be sewed in one operation to square corners being made silver neoclassicism english . The French seam a second seam and is not illustrated cire perdue lalique enamel . The back
Stuffing box renaissance revival buffet . Variously known as a cushion filler or loading, ramming, or packing box, the stuffing box is a simple jig usually made of sheet metal for production work chippendale knife boxes octagon . A satisfactory box for ionic upholstery, however, can be easily assembled from corrugated cardboard, as illustrated in Figure 6 myott son & co. hanley .16; the wooden ram or ramrod will prove of value for the final stuffing operation pollard elm . The outside dimensions of the box must be such that it will slide snugly into the finished casing; the over lapping edges are bradded to the top of the workbench, then pried up and clinched antigue wooden bedside chestschests .
Covering the springs verlys holophane . Two layers of cotton batting should be sufficient to cover the springs “art deco” “dining table” french walnut extension . One layer is placed in the loading box and the spring mat laid upon it and wrapped in the cotton wadding,
which has ends protruding far enough so that they call be tucked in antique display . The second layer is laid over the lap in the first layer and tucked around and under “officer’s chair” furniture . The box can now be tied or sealed shut with gummed paper, and the loose edges of edges folded under are tacked to the outside of the arms and over the back mahogany stool . The fabric cover is applied over the muslin in the same manner, except that it is blind-stitched at the back and oil the outer sides of the arms antique henry 2nd breakfast sideboard .
Fic how forks were made . 6 edwardian c19th construction buildings .18 techniques of andre-charles boulle and chinese laquer work . Filling the casing antique library book trough stand .
When the wooden-backed barrel chair is being covered, the same procedure is followed, except that the channels are tacked directly to the staves french oak, “barley twist” chest of drawers . With a close-woven fabric covering, the muslin liner may be omitted, provided the stitches or tacks are closely placed, as in detail B of the drawing wooden antique chamber pot .
Tufted upholstery furniture makers 1920’s french style . Another method of securing padding to a vertical surface is by means of fabric-covered tacks, geometrically sewed or tacked to give the padded surface a quilted effect small shell silver antique dish loop handle . This is an especially popular effect in the head-
4011on to be Teatheredcotton batting tucked in smoothly, feathering where necessary to produce square edges writing desk slanted top 17 th century .
This can be proved to the reader’s s t-
isfaction by an examination of the u
holstered chair shown in the cutaw y
illustration in Figure 6 mahogany hepplewhite table antique .–o jacobean display cabinet . The wood n framework is indicated by (A); the webbing base by (B); (C) is the curled h: *r stuffing; (D) the tempered steel springs tied with eight stout twines in the 8-1-mat tie, and covered with burlap (E);
the second layer of stuffing (F) is sewed to the burlap and in turn covered by a layer of cotton ((;) -, (H) is the outer fabric covering fake ironstone pottery . If muslin liner (1) is added over the cotton layer before the outer fabric is applied, it will be readily apparent that the fundamental procedures in upholstering an overstuffed chair are no different from those employed in the assembly of a removable spring seat secessionist movement furniture .
Filling the casing old german furniture . To insert the padded innersprings into the casing, the latter is stripped on over the closed box and contents, and its rear ends grasped in both hands as pictured in Figure 6 antique pembroke table, floral inlay design .18 german 20th century extending dining table . The ram is inserted inside the box against the padding, with the opposite end butted against the operator’s stomach antique mirror back sideboard 1920’s . A gentle, continuous pressure will push the pad and casing out of the cardboard box antique streamline stapler . The open rear end of the casing can then be closed by hand sewing doulton 1880 beakers .
Channeled Backs rockingham pastille burner . A favorite method of applying upholstery to the concave surfaces of chair backs is by means of a series of radiating, tubular channels or folds which hold the stuffing vertically, as in Figure 6 telescoping dining tables .i9A sideboard turns into dining table . This method is particularly appropriate for the barrel chair described in Chapter 3 (page 232), where the back is concave in two directions art deco game tables . This is another complicated appearing upholstery device that when analyzed step by step is seen to require only simple sewing or tacking techniques neoclassical regency furniture period .
The first step is to divide the chair back with chalk into vertical sectors that radiate bisymmetrically from the center names of art deco furniture makers . Next, the muslin liner and the fabric covering are cut into as many pieces as there are folds or channels to be stuffed,
silver candlesticks worth . welt cord need be no wider than the top and the band of the casing, preferred by some workers requires of the casing is left open for filling arts and crafts liberty of london oak furniture .
3 in queen anne antique dining table . extra in width being allowed for the stuffing, and sufficient length for tackinat the bottom as well as for lapping over the top and tacking to the back of t1-W chair back utensils used in britain for cooking . The two end channels are cut wide enough to reach around the enct, of the arms for tacking to the sides of the frame antique table trestle . Since all the pieces are to be
sewed together, in important buildings in the 17 century in italy . must be allowed for each seam, in addition to the 3 i” 17th century gravy bowls . for stuffing rosewood ant chair .
Fie desserts during 18th century england . lenci pottery wall mask . 6 antique victorian writing table .17 19th century side cabinets . Upholstered furniture and a fireplace make a living room english armorials of the 18th. century .
In an upholstered chair, the muslin liner can be sewed to the chalk line greek designs and motifs ., starting with the middle channel italian inlaid table blue . When both sides of the latter are stitched i place, the bottom can be tacked the filling tamped down and regulated wi an icepick (see page 358) kitchen antique furniture deux corps cupboards . Adjacent seams are sewed and alternate channels fillel until the end folds are filled, stretched around the fronts of the arms, and tack- I to the frames italian inlaid table blue . The top edge can now be stretched down over the top edge of t e frame and tacked to the back antique cassone for sale .
Jul
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Old Furniture from Europe and America.
July 18, 2009 | Leave a Comment
The cap at the nozzle of the gun mixes air and liquid either internally or externally antique glass box etruscan . The external-mix cap usually has two hooded side ports (A in Iigu e
5 palladian bookshelves .4b) which aim twin jets of compressed air at the atomiz
mixture leaving the central orifice antique rectangular drop leaf tables . This produces the fa
internal-mix cap has a long narrow slot to fan-shapa t n e spray that has been partially atomized by the venturi ectien
behind the nozzle info gillows in the 19th century . The external-feed cap is supplied o bo ~h the suction- and pressure-feed guns, but the internal-in x
cap can be used with only pressure feed sideboard serpentine wood inlay brass . Requiring lees pressure, it is popular with small units, but is liable tc clog with fast-drying mixtures antique furniture shop biedermeier .
Spraying Technique crockery cabinet designs . NN7hen properly applied to flat work, most guns produ - e the fan pattern illustrated in the detail in Fi-,ure 5 show earthenware produced by wileman & co. .5 antique ladies writing cabinet . It averages about 8 i high when the guns is held 6 to 8 in swan plate kandler . from the surface to be sprayed, as indi at0 in the photograph solid silver sauce boat no markings . External mix guns can usually be adjusted to
photograph victorian balloon back arm chairs mahogany cabriole legs .pattern for a concentration of liquid on small areas or modified by blocking off the side ports with friction tape hirado porcelain .
Held at a uniform distance from the work, the gun is swept across and back at an even rate to make one coat 18th century music stand . During each sweep the gun nozzle must be held parallel to the sprayed surface; arcing will produce a antique japanese tea table mother of pearl . disproportionately heavy deposit in the center of the stroke antique furniture berkey and gay . In order to make the most of the fan-shaped spray pattern, the gun should be triggered as the stroke is begun, ahead of the work, and released at the completion of the stroke, after the nozzle has passed beyond the surface being sprayed lacquer carlton house desk . A second coat applied in vertical laps will insure good coverage antique 18″ square drop leaf table on casters . Practice is the secret of good spraying, and can be exercised on scrap material or wrapping paper 18th century mass produced tableware . Examination of test patterns before the finish coat is applied may result in necessary adjustments that will eliminate a later sanding off of an unsatisfactorily sprayed surface earliest tilt top tea table .
Figure 5 1940 dressing table value .5 illustrated the correct fan
pattern, fairly regular in shape, with the
atomization producing fine, even-sized dots of
paint across the pattern italian antique small inlaid wood 18th century ivory . In Figure 5 antique gateleg extension elite .6 four
incorrect patterns are shown antique italian china markings . In detail A
the small dark center quickly fades into
rough gobs of material, indicating a failure A B C D
in atomization which, if aggravated, will Fie czechoslovakia silversmiths . 5 antique silver bread basket .6 “soft paste porcelain” ” . Spray patterns inlaid wood sofa table . A, Heavy
almost surely produce “orange peel federal side table .” Cor- center; B, Peanut; C, Heavy end;
rection consists of either thinning the liquid D, Split spray scottish 19th century antique furniture . or increasing the air pressure period dressing tables . The shapes
indicated in B and C are common distortions caused by a dirty gun “such as that” . The split pattern in D is caused by excessive air pressure art deco polished matte lost-wax castings o nude women in bronze by viennese artisans .
Common Failures cuvette a fleurs .
“Piling” of the sprayed finish is caused by, moving the -tin too slowly or too nearthe surface 19th century louis xv mahogany french chest of draws floral inlaid wood with marble top and glass cabinet with cabriole legs .
” Running” results from too thin a liquid decorative spindle legs from antique card table .
“Sags” are the result of too thick a liquid, too close a stroke, or improper triggering whieldon ware tortoiseshell .
“Pin holes” often occur when the gun is held too close to the surface, or from too much air pressure 19th century bavarian side chairs .
“Misting” is due to excessive air pressure, a too thin fluid, arcing the gun, or holding it too far from the surface european antique rolltop desk 1700’s .
“Floating” is usually the result of a poor mixture royal staffordshire by clarice cliff nancy .
Viscosity antwerp collector’s cabinet . As noted above, it is evident that in addition to manual ability to control properly the sweep of the gun, the liquid being sprayed must be of the correct body or viscosity furniture in neo classical style,east india company, india . Many craftsmen are satisfied with a crude paddle test, during which they dip a thin strip of metal into the liquid up to a predetermined mark gillows antique furniture . When the “paddle” is withdrawn, the behavior of the liquid reflects its relative viscosity extending console table . An excessively thin mixture will immediately run off the end of the paddle, whereas too heavy a liquid will sag down in drops before it r
mixture that is close to the proper viscosity will start to run but has suff-cient, body finally to flow in a series of waves decorchemont .
A more accurate test, which can be applied repeatedly, is by means of glass viscosity tubes antique pembrook table . If these are not available, a half-dozen test tubes of identicil size (about Y2 in art deco inspired bookcase . X 4 to 5 in antique chippendale tilt top table .) will prove satisfactory american gothic revival furniture makers . Corks of identical site should also be procured neoclassical dining table base furniture . Each tube is filled with the liquid under test to ‘Withirl approximately -1/8 in serpentine centre table mahogany . of the end of the cork, which has been previously fitted ani marked so that all are inserted to the same depth empire furniture.com . When the corked tube is il
verted, the air space under the cork becomes a bubble, which travels to the 1 pp(r (closed) end of the tube wooden tables with brass leaves inlay . The time it takes the bubble to traverse the len– pennsylvania house queen anne chest .h (f the tube is the measure of the viscosity of the liquid steel dining table germany .
In order to obtain a sealed sample for measuring unknown mixtures, a ,ierl(S of test patterns must be sprayed on wrapping paper or scrap material dutch walnut cabinet . Th; cu is filled half-full of a mixed liquid that is known to be too heavy, and its pa ter sprayed antique hoover price . Small amounts of thinner are added successively and a pattern sp ye :l for each until a pattern finally registers the proper viscosity antique ivory and silver tableware . A sample o th~ correct liquid is sealed in a viscosity tube as the “master” or “pilot” sampl- fct future mixtures employing this type of solvent antique drop leaf gateleg table .
Cleaning antique japanese lacquer tray . Suction-feed guns are a pleasure to clean what types of materials were used in george hepplewhite furniture . All that is nece sar is to unscrew the gun from the cup, stop up the nozzle with the fingers, and pu the trigger to force out the remaining fluid curved back chair from 1940s . If the fluid tube is inserted in a coy tainer of solvent and the trigger squeezed several times as in Figure 5 cabinet dressing doors designs .7, the gu
will clean itself spanish antique table .Cleaning the spray gun french empire desk cabinet maker logo .
Pressure-feed guns are cleaned in the same way except for the fact that solvent is poured into the metal, pressure-resistant cup, which must then be sere tightly in place before compressed air is triggered in setobody .
This light cleaning should be augmented by a periodic dismantling of th( cap, fluid tip, and the needle valve with its control needle, and immersing in solvent edgard brandt . Under no circumstances should solvent be allowed to come into contact with the oil or packings of the working parts antique “trestle table” kent .
Summary mother of pearl coffe table fake antique egypt . In conclusion it should be borne in mind that in finishing fine furniture or cabinetwork, cleanliness is next in importance to a craftsmanlike finish czechoslovakia antiques .
In the first place, the work itself must be so clean that no wood or sand dust remain to adulterate and discolor the finish to be applied antique apostle spoons .
For the same reason brushes or spray gLill, that apply the finish should be immaculate furniture+scallop+wheat .
Finally, maximum efforts should be exerted to eliminate from the air dust whose settling would mar an otherwise perfect finish sheraton +antique +gaming table .
FURNITURE FINISHING TECHNIQUE
In addition to cleanliness of the surface, tools and air and repeated stirring of the finishing fluid, following a methodical procedure in enameling or painting furniture will obviate considerable unsatisfactory retouching dutch provencial furniture . In this connection a good light is a prime requisite 1800’s cylider desk .
Chairs all([ tables should be turned upside down so that the lower, not easily accessible parts can be coated first renaissance woodwork cassoni . In enameling it is very important to examine all vertical surfaces for runs or sags within the first five minutes, before the liquid hardens and becomes too tacky to smooth out with a wiped brush antique.italian.porcelain. . This is particularly important around beading, carvings, and turnings, where the brush may skip the valleys drum/breakfast table . Flat horizontal surfaces are left until last, with excess fluid eliminated by “cross-Hatching”—brushing first with the grain then across it glass front marquetry cabinet .
Finally, care must be exercised at all times that no coat is applied before the underneath one is completely dry antique calamander . The rule to remember is: never finish over a glossy surface or attempt to sand one that is not hard dry louis xv dining table stretcher draw leaf .
Decorative finishes for painted or enameled surfaces are discussed later in the chapter furniture makers of the 16th century .
OPAQUE FINISHES
As previously mentioned, the purpose of an opaque finish is to conceal the surfaces of woods deficient in grain patterns, or to hide inferior material, or even poor workmanship brass candelabras made in china . Applied with brush or spray gun, these finishes run the gamut> of color and sheen, from a high gloss enamel to flat paint, and may be decorated with decal conian! as, stencils, peasant painting, various novelty effects, or glazing end table ivory inlaid india wwii . This so-called “painted furniture” has become justly popular in bedrooms, bathrooms, kitchens, rumpus rooms and nurseries, as well as on the outdoor porch or in the garden antique maple drop leaf dining table .
Enamel Finish english writing desk spiral legs . Although a good grade of enamel will effectively resist mild heat, >lot water, milk, fruit stains, and alcohol, unless specifically recommended by the manufacturer, it is not intended for outdoor use photos of antique chambersticks . Enamels use varnish, lacquer, or u synthetic as a vehicle for their pigments antique drop leaf sofa table .
Varnish enamels, unlike paint, which must be thoroughly brushed out, ar; flowed on with the least possible brushwork christian mayer furniture . Usually used at can consistency, 4 varnish enamel may be thinned with varnish or turpentine antique dutch bureau . Enamels can be sprayed, particularly if heated, although with a suction-feed gun on a srnaL compression unit it may be necessary to dilute the mixture as it comes in the can
Pigmented lacquer (enamel) produces a very hard, durable, water-resistan antique tea scoop jockey hat . film, which is quick-drying and therefore likely to be dust-free 18th century wardrobe . Not suitable fo brushing it is sprayed oil after dilution with lacquer thinner antique hoover price . Since the laccuer its thinner, and lacquer spray dust are highly inflammable, precautions are n(ces sary to prevent combustion when spraying inside the shop art deco dressing tables . The installation o an exhaust fail should be seriously considered if extensive spraying operation! are contemplated indoors antique bowls 1700’s .
Synthetic enamels can be applied by either spray or brush with equal success Made from a synthetic resin base they deposit a tough, weather-resistant 31m which dries in from 4 to 6 hours unless accelerated by baking piertables . Their solvents are supplied or specified by the manufacturer belgian designers included henry van de velde and gustave serrurier-bovy .
Today there are many “quick-drying” and “one-coat” enamels on the market in a variety of colors and glosses serpentine pembroke table . While it is true that when applied over a wool as hard and as light colored as maple or birch a single coat will hide with a uniform gloss, yet it is not likely that one coat will satisfactorily cover softwoods such as white pine and basswood, porous woods like poplar and spruce, coarse woods with the variegated grainings displayed by yellow pine and fir, or (ark redwood or gumwood candelabra baroque .
On soft woods, a hardening coat of shellac, diluted 50 per cent with denatired alcohol, can be applied and sanded smooth when dry with 3–o abrasive gay antiqe . A cark wood, or one with a prominent grain, should receive a priming coat of enamel that has been reduced at the rate of a tablespoon of turpentine to a quarter pint of varnish enamel george hunzinger . When thoroughly dry, this coat is sanded smooth and given a second coat at can consistency oak drawer leaf table .
Undercoater art deco legs desk . The best professionally applied enamel finishes consist of at least three coats and a final rubbing antique french fluted table drawer . This insures both greater depth and smoothness in the final film george hepplewhite stringing . Instead of diluting the enamel for the initial coat, an enamel undercoater is used dresden richard klemm . This is nothing more than a heavily pigmented, flat-drying hard paint that possesses better hiding qualities than are offered by the glossy enamels antique tea cabinet . The fact that the undercoater is basically a paint does not mean that a flat wall paint can be successfully substituted for it; raw paint is too ;oft to stand up to the necessary sanding artdeco lamp . If, however, an undercoater is not available when needed, a satisfactory substitute can be mixed from 8 parts of flat write paint to which i part of enamel has been added as a hardener secretaire empire 1800 .
Although enamel undercoater comes only in white, it can and should be tirted to approximate the shade of enamel to be used period drawing room looks . This is easily accomplished by thinning a small amount of color ground in oil with turpentine and stirring it gradually into the white undercoater how did 18th century cabinet makers finish their cabinets . Since an exact match is not required, the final shade should not be markedly darker or lighter than the enamel barker brothers coffee table for sale . The following table indicates the approximate tint that will be produced by all ounce of thinned color added to a gallon of white undcrcoater, enamel, or paint:
Desired Tint Pigment Color
Cream Golden ocher
Yellowish Medium chrome yellow
Warm ivory Raw sienna
Yellowish ivory Yellow ocher
Peach Burnt sienna
Apricot Orange chrome yellow
Coral rose American vermillion
Lavender pink Rose pink
Orchid Rose lake
Light gray Raw umber
Warm gray BUI-111 umber
Cream gray Vandyke brown
Dove gray Drop black
Steel gray Lamp black
Gray blue Ultramarine blue
Robin’s-egg blue Prussian blue
Light blue green Blue green
Light yellowish green Yellowish green
Enamel Undercoat Schedule brass indian tea tables .
i antique tea set - rh macy . San( surface with a 2/o abrasive, clean lhorutwhlv antique dutch chest on chest . and sea> end grain sheffield plate dish rings . Seal knots with aluminum paint antique tea table history .
2 1920’s art deco sofa . Apply one coat enamel undc-rcoater tinted to approximate shade of final coat square drop leaf tea table with gated legs .
3 pembroke hepplewhite . Fill cracks and sand smooth with ;/o abrasive art deco sofa 1925 .
4• Apply intermediate coat of half and half underwater all(> enamel davenport desk mechanism . S comtoise clocks longcase . Sand lightly with 3/o abrasive pine furniture .
6 “chateau des tuileries” . Apply finish coat of enamel looking for 4 feet wide drop leaf table .
7 sheriton roll top antique bureau . For a semigloss luster, rub to hard smoothness will’ 3-F pumice stone and rubbim, oil chenghua foot rims .
8 rectangle table pilar foot . For a high Polish use rottenstone and water (see section devoted to varnish finish) deco rocket cabinet .
Paint Finish 1896 british ceramics . Frequently constructed from cypress, pine or redwood, outdoor furniture must be protected from the elements by a tough, elastic film that will not chalk off under careless handling jupe dining table . These slick or porous wood 18th century chest antique .; require a
handling
coat whose adhesive qualities are sufficiently tenacious to provide a good bond art deco examples . Modern house-paint primers contain lung oil, which needs no thinning as it comes from the can brass serving tray with italian inlay wood . Aluminum paint or shellac should be used to close end grain and to cover knots yabu fruit .Unless a sloppy or dirty coat has been applied, it is not necessary to sal I between paint coats table art deco+lyre . The second coat should be a good grade of exterior ion e paint, hardened by zinc oxide up to one third of the pigment antique iranian carved tray . A final coat of tl exterior paint, without thinning, will complete the job malard furniture . In no case should -)aii t be applied over an old enamel finish or vice versa; owing to their different e)pa> Sion rates, the extreme changes in temperature to which outdoor furniture subjected will result in cracking and crazing of the exterior coat nabeshima decoration . A final co t of exterior spar varnish will stop the chalking and weatherproof the surfac- czechoslovakian quality porcelain . rosewood and brass inlaid dining room furniture .
Outdoor furniture which will be given some protection from the weathe 17th century american dressing table .• c marquetry italian tray .~ be finished satisfactorily with paints designed for interior use antique.porcelain.italian. . If the furl -itil e is to be used on a covered patio, or if it is carried inside during showers a :l stored indoors during winter months, the extreme weather-resisting qualit; ?S f exterior house paint are not required antique sette michael thonet . On wooden furniture which is to be give I an opaque finish that will conceal the wood, interior paints, such as are de— yongzheng octagonal plate .igll& for bathroom and kitchen finishes, will be, satisfactory in most cases flatware handles fiddle leaf . This is tr of even the water-mixed latex paints so widely used in interior finishing 18th century “music stand” .
When it is not desired to conceal the grain the wood, an essentially wea,he, proof finish can be given to outdoor furniture by the application, first, of a tranparent wood sealer and second, of one or more coats of good-quality spar vai nis or boat varnish 17th century trestle table with claw feet . If the wood is smooth enough and clean, simply apply the s?al;, according to the manufacturer’s directions regency double pedestal tilt table anqique . Sanding before application of th gothic arch furniture . varnish should not be necessary unless the wood is rough or dirty mahogany coffee tables .
Heavy wooden furniture such as Adirondack chairs and the familiar redx-oo, picnic sets, will weather to an unexciting brownish gray unless it is protected >vit’ a coating art deco inlay dresser . A special finish is obtainable for redwood which will maintain th natural color or something that resembles it for sale antique pedestal candle table 3 legs brass claw feet . On other woods a mixture of on part boiled linseed oil to one part turpentine may be brushed on when the N oo is new and renewed about twice a year mahogany antique japanese furniture designer . Or when this coating is first applie , i may be followed up with spar varnish mechanical drawings on dressing table . Renewal then requires only revarnis ing
The best method of finishing reed or fiber furniture is by spraying, eve P only a hand-pump sprayer is available art deco and exotic leather . Brushing piles up paint in the interst es wipes thin on wearing surfaces, and fails to reach deep spots rousseau shagreen .
TRANSPARENT FINISHES
The purpose of all furniture finishes is to provide a protective coating; tr art deco ladies writing desk .nsparent finishes provide this coating without obscuring the underlying grain of the wood claw foot dresser . For woods such as mahogany, walnut, red gum, and the fancy veneers : nd inlay woods that possess sufficient natural color and a desirable grain patt-rn, a natural finish g employin no stain but providing a desirable Sheen is enti ely
appropriate art nouveau france origins .
The present vogue for natural finishes is a normal reaction from a pe iod simulate rich depth 19 century mahogany gateleg table . Nowadays the native grain and figure of choice hardwoods is appreciated and enhanced by more honest methods rococo silver candlestick .
The schedule for any transparent finish must consider the porosity or coarseness of the grain to be covered art deco wooden armchairs . Except with mission or weathered oak and Old World finishes, it is common practice to fill all coarse-grained woods so that the pores are flush with the surrounding surface 19 century english roll top desks . This builds up a uniform level for succeeding finish coats, free from pockets for dust and dirt deposits pembroke end table . Colored fillers, furthermore, are important aids in emphasizing the grain pattern ironstone pottery .
Fillers antique spanish blue and white pottery . Ready-prepared fillers are entirely satisfactory and easy to apply antique octagon knee hole desk . They are available in stock shades of light and dark walnut, red and brown mahogany, natural, light and dark golden oak, other wood colors, as well as white for novelty finishes german antique card table . The addition of drop black ground in oil will produce the deeper shades, and zinc oxide will lighten the color of a prepared filler until it is suitable for almost any job lion cabriole antique . For the hobbyist who prefers to mix his own filler or has a special job in mind, it is no difficult matter to make up a natural (transparent) base filler from powdered rock quartz, known to the trade as “silex antique fall front desk .” A mixture of 2 oz aaron burr desk . of turpentine, 2 oz contemporary designs for dressing table . of japan drier, and 5 oz table paw feet antique . of boiled linseed oil is slowly stirred into 2 lb carl walters ceramics . of fine powdered silex 1945 mahogany desk . The resulting mixture is thinned as shown in the table below and can be colored with pigments ground in oil different types of roman furniture . Vandyke brown shaded with drop black, burnt umber, rose pink, or zinc white will provide a variety of colors anglo indian antiques .
Mixture antique pattern cabinet . Paste (silex) filler is available in half-pint, quart, and gallon cans weighing approximately i lb louis xvi revival sideboard with porcelain inlays ., 5 lb antique porcelain +swan +painted . and ii lb antique score music . respectively empire writing table . Although it is already mixed with linseed oil and japan drier, the paste must be thinned to the consistency of thick varnish so that it can be brushed on antique ceramic dish in silver stand . As a thinner, naphtlia, decreases the drying time while turpentine tends to hold the coat open; the two can be mixed together to moderate the drying period examples of 19th century pennsylvania furniture . Boiled linseed oil will hold the coat open for at least half an hour; japan drier will speed up the drying process ecole de nanci furniture . The thickness of the mixture will depend upon the coarseness of the pores to be filled antique chippendale dining chairs with bronze leg decoration . The filler mixture required for the more common woods is suggested below:
Heavy Medium Thin None
Philippine mahogany Walnut Maple Cedar
Oak Mahogany Gurnwood Pine
Ash Cherry Birch Basswood
Chestnut Rosewood Beech Poplar
Elm Redwood Fir
Alder Spruce Cypress
Obviously, the larger the pores to be filled the thicker the mixture must be, and vice versa antique gate leg table . As received, the paste filler must be well spaded with a putty knife and thinned to brushing consistency for the job in hand antique sheffield piece marked “royal sheffield” . Relative measures Application antique georgian dining table, pad foot . Assuming that a dark shade of filler has been selected to h -blight the grain figure in walnut, mahogany or oak in order to distinguish it f’orn imitations on guniwood, poplar, beech, and other inferior woods, the first ep, before the actual filling operation is to apply a wash coat of white shellac, dil fed i part shellac to () parts of denatured alcohol antique cherry drop leaf six legs . This will prevent the oil in the filler from darkening the wood 19th century 5 legged table .
Meanwhile the filler is mixed to a creamy brushing consistency, regardles• of whether it is of 16- or 8-lb base antique mahogany drum tables library tables writing tables value popular . When the wash coat of shellac sealer has c(111- pletely dried, the filler is liberally applied by means of a short-bristle brush 2:ith the grain chinese chicken coop armoire . Because of later operations it is wise to limit the brushing-in to a maximum of about To sq ft at a time spanish fashion 16th century .
Within 15 or 20 minutes the sheen of the filled surface will have flatted s fficiently for wiping early 19th century american rosewood cabinet makers . This is accomplished by “towing-off” all surplus filler, wi across the grain with clean burlap rags 1970s ashtray “art deco” style . If the filler has commenced to harsen it can be softened by moistening a rag in the naptha thinner indian vernacular furniture . For cleaning out carvings, headings, and corners a picking stick whittled from a 6 in wooton chest . lengt of ,Y8-in 19th century bavarian side chairs . dowel and sharpened to a pencil point at one end and to a sharp we ge at the other is useful under a burlap layer talavera de la reina tiles and spain and antique .
After all surplus filler is towed-off, a final wiping with a soft tintless cloth along the grain will insure complete cleansing spiral leg gateleg table . The filler must then be alto -ed its full drying time antique circle furniture . Rather than risk sealing a damp sealer it is advisable to increase the minimum drying time by one half; thus the so-called “4 hour” fil ers should be permitted 6 hours and those retarded by turpentine and linseed oil allowed a full 36 hours dresser with rack in middle . A light sanding with 3–o paper followed by a dus ng with compressed air from a vacuum cleaner or empty spray gun will incur a smooth surface for sealing english stoneware .
The hobbyist will encounter so-called “liquid wood fillers” on the mar et, which are little more than colored sealers for softwoods antique 17th century fork . Composed of an infe for grade of varnish with a small amount of silex, these liquid fillers are freque ly employed in cheap furniture finishing daniel quare pocket watches made in 1674 .
Sealers lions claw brass . Prior to applying the filler the wood was protected from discolorat on by a sealer consisting of a wash coat of diluted white shellac dovetailing on 17 century furniture . Professional finisli•rs of high-grade furniture prefer to seal the filler also, using white shellac for li - ht finishes and orange shellac for the darker browns and reds in the proportion of i part shellac to 4 parts of denatured alcohol ceramic platter italian crustacea .